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Die geologische Zeitskala, auch stratigraphische Tabelle, zeigt die Abfolge der Perioden und Epochen in der Geschichte der Erde. © Geosphere Austria
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Ö sterreichs geologische Entwicklungsgeschichte
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Vom Werden und Vergehen
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Tektonische Krä fte schoben im Miozä n die Kalkklippe bei Staatz (NÖ ) aus dem Untergrund nach oben, wo sie durch Erosion freigelegt wurde. © Geosphere Austria
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< div id = "c11688" class = "frame frame-custom-100 frame-type-image frame-layout-1 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-image ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-gallery" data-ce-columns = "4" data-ce-images = "4" > < div class = "ce-row" > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../fileadmin/user_upload/dokumente/Rocky_Austria/04_Entwicklungsgeschichte/kogelsteine.jpg" title = "Die Kogelsteine bei Grafenberg nahe Eggenburg (NÖ) haben die für Granit typischen Verwitterungsformen. © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Die Kogelsteine bei Grafenberg nahe Eggenburg (NÖ) haben die für Granit typischen Verwitterungsformen. © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-11688" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Verwitterungsformen" alt = "Felsformation" src = "../fileadmin/_processed_/1/4/csm_kogelsteine_2e8bd68fe1.jpg" width = "142" height = "106" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Die Kogelsteine bei Grafenberg nahe Eggenburg (NÖ ) haben die fü r Granit typischen Verwitterungsformen. © Geosphere Austria
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< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../fileadmin/user_upload/dokumente/Rocky_Austria/04_Entwicklungsgeschichte/hauptdolomit_hangenderstein.jpg" title = "Der landschaftsprägende Hauptdolomit-Felskopf „Hangender Stein“ bei Nüziders (V) ist Naturdenkmal und Kletterfelsen zugleich. © J. Georg Friebe" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Der landschaftsprägende Hauptdolomit-Felskopf „Hangender Stein“ bei Nüziders (V) ist Naturdenkmal und Kletterfelsen zugleich. © J. Georg Friebe" data-lightbox = "lightbox-11688" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Felsformation" alt = "Felsformation" src = "../fileadmin/_processed_/4/2/csm_hauptdolomit_hangenderstein_ace28a50de.jpg" width = "142" height = "106" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Der landschaftsprä gende Hauptdolomit-Felskopf „ Hangender Stein“ bei Nü ziders (V) ist Naturdenkmal und Kletterfelsen zugleich. © J. Georg Friebe
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< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../fileadmin/user_upload/dokumente/Rocky_Austria/04_Entwicklungsgeschichte/nexing.jpg" title = "Der fossile Muschelschill aus Nexing (NÖ) belegt die Organismenvielfalt vor rund 11 Millionen Jahren im Meer des Wiener Beckens (Bildbreite: 20 cm). © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Der fossile Muschelschill aus Nexing (NÖ) belegt die Organismenvielfalt vor rund 11 Millionen Jahren im Meer des Wiener Beckens (Bildbreite: 20 cm). © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-11688" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Muschelschill" alt = "Fossilien" src = "../fileadmin/_processed_/1/6/csm_nexing_6da3edc350.jpg" width = "142" height = "106" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Der fossile Muschelschill aus Nexing (NÖ ) belegt die Organismenvielfalt vor rund 11 Millionen Jahren im Meer des Wiener Beckens (Bildbreite: 20 cm). © Geosphere Austria
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< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../fileadmin/user_upload/dokumente/Rocky_Austria/04_Entwicklungsgeschichte/quellsinter_schnifis.jpg" title = "Von Kalk umkrustete Moose und Wurzeln an einem Bächlein unterhalb von Quellmooren bei Schnifis (V). © J. Georg Friebe" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Von Kalk umkrustete Moose und Wurzeln an einem Bächlein unterhalb von Quellmooren bei Schnifis (V). © J. Georg Friebe" data-lightbox = "lightbox-11688" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Quellsinter" alt = "Gestein" src = "../fileadmin/_processed_/0/b/csm_quellsinter_schnifis_be5d3d9e48.jpg" width = "142" height = "106" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Von Kalk umkrustete Moose und Wurzeln an einem Bä chlein unterhalb von Quellmooren bei Schnifis (V). © J. Georg Friebe
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< div id = "c11686" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-10" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Wenn wir versuchen, die geologische Vergangenheit zu rekonstruieren, wird unser Bild immer schemenhafter, je weiter wir zurü ckblicken. Der Grund liegt darin, dass jü ngere erdgeschichtliche Ereignisse vorhergehende Episoden zunehmend verschleiern. Die Zeugen der ersten Jahrmilliarden der Erdgeschichte sind zwar an manchen Stellen der Erdoberflä che noch teilweise erhalten, bei uns jedoch sind sie fast vö llig ausgelö scht.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
< div id = "c16578" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-10" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Die Gesteine Ö sterreichs entstanden wä hrend eines langen Zeitraums, der sich ü ber viele hundert Millionen Jahre, vom Prä kambrium bis ins Quartä r erstreckt. In dieser Zeit erlebten sie eine sehr unterschiedliche Entwicklungsgeschichte. Ihre ursprü nglichen Ablagerungs- und Entstehungsbereiche lagen entweder auf dem Festland, in seichten Schelfmeeren, in Ozeanbecken oder tief in der Erdkruste, teilweise sogar im obersten Erdmantel. Manche heute benachbarte Gesteinseinheiten waren einst auf manchmal sogar hunderte Kilometer voneinander entfernten Kontinenten oder in den dazwischen liegenden Ozeanbecken beheimatet.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
< div id = "c16577" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-10" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Plattentektonische Prozesse haben in diesem Zeitraum die Verteilung von Land und Wasser langsam und stetig verä ndert. Kontinente zerbrachen, Ozeane ö ffneten sich und wurden wieder geschlossen. Bei Kontinentkollisionen wurden die Gesteine verfaltet, ü bereinander geschoben und zum Teil in die Tiefe versenkt. Dabei wurden sie metamorph umgewandelt. Manche stiegen durch tektonische Prozesse wieder zur Erdoberflä che auf. So entstanden Hochgebirge, deren Abtragungsprodukte neue Sedimentbecken fü llten. Diese Sedimente enthalten die Reste von Lebewesen der jeweiligen Zeit und diese geben uns als Fossilien Zeugnis von der Evolution des Lebens auf der Erde.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
< div id = "c16579" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Dieses dramatische Geschehen ist in den Gesteinen Ö sterreichs dokumentiert und Geologen kö nnen die Erdgeschichte in den Gesteinen wie aus einem Buch herauslesen. Oft ist die Information verschlü sselt, und nicht immer sind alle sich ü ber jedes Detail einig. Das generelle Bild hat sich aber ü ber Jahrzehnte gefestigt.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
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