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Blick vom Mü hlviertel (OÖ ) nach Sü den ü ber das Alpenvorland, zu den Voralpen und den Nö rdlichen Kalkalpen. © Geosphere Austria
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< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < h2 > Geografische Koordinaten< / h2 > < p > Im Herzen Mitteleuropas gelegen bedeckt unser Land eine Flä che von 83.879 km2. Das Staatsgebiet erstreckt sich zwischen Bodensee und Neusiedler See ü ber eine Lä nge von rund 550 km, in Nord – Sü d-Richtung erreicht es bis zu 300 km.
< / p > < p > Ö sterreich vereinigt drei vö llig unterschiedliche Landschaftstypen: Im Norden des Landes ist die Mittelgebirgslandschaft des Wald- und Mü hlviertels durch Hochflä chen und sanfte Hü gel charakterisiert. Sü dlich und ö stlich davon liegen Beckenlandschaften und weite Talfluren, die von der Donau und ihren Zuflü ssen entwä ssert werden. Der grö ß te Teil Ö sterreichs aber wird von den gebirgigen Ostalpen mit dem Groß glockner als hö chstem Berg (3798 m) eingenommen.
< / p > < p > Ö sterreich wird wesentlich durch seine Lage in und an den Alpen bestimmt. Aus geologischer Sicht treffen hier zwei Welten aufeinander, denn die Alpen stellen – vereinfacht ausgedrü ckt – die Knautschzone zwischen Afrika und Europa dar.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div >
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Wiesen, Wä lder, Wackelsteine
< / span > < / h1 > < h2 class = "" >
Die Bö hmische Masse
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< div id = "c9321" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-image frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-custom-5 frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-image ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-gallery" data-ce-columns = "1" data-ce-images = "1" > < div class = "ce-row" > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/8/e/csm_baerensteingipfel_b0d090a3fd.jpg" title = "Die Felstürme aus Eisgarn-Granit am Bärenstein (OÖ) sind Produkte der Wollsackverwitterung. © Monika Brüggemann-Ledolter" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Die Felstürme aus Eisgarn-Granit am Bärenstein (OÖ) sind Produkte der Wollsackverwitterung. © Monika Brüggemann-Ledolter" data-lightbox = "lightbox-9321" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Granit mit Wollsackverwitterung" alt = "Felsformation" src = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/8/e/csm_baerensteingipfel_353c62178f.jpg" width = "600" height = "452" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Die Felstü rme aus Eisgarn-Granit am Bä renstein (OÖ ) sind Produkte der Wollsackverwitterung. © Monika Brü ggemann-Ledolter
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< div id = "c12314" class = "frame frame-custom-100 frame-type-image frame-layout-1 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-image ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-gallery" data-ce-columns = "2" data-ce-images = "2" > < div class = "ce-row" > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/f/3/csm_wackelstein_a1cdd828f8.jpg" title = "Moldanubikum: Wackelstein im Naturpark Mühlviertel bei Rechberg (OÖ). © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Moldanubikum: Wackelstein im Naturpark Mühlviertel bei Rechberg (OÖ). © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-12314" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Wackelstein" alt = "Felsformation" src = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/f/3/csm_wackelstein_1450944fb4.jpg" width = "295" height = "111" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Moldanubikum: Wackelstein im Naturpark Mü hlviertel bei Rechberg (OÖ ). © Geosphere Austria
< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/8/d/csm_kogelsteine_27653edb28.jpg" title = "Moravikum: Die Kogelsteine bei Eggenburg gehören zum Eggenburg-Granit (NÖ). © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Moravikum: Die Kogelsteine bei Eggenburg gehören zum Eggenburg-Granit (NÖ). © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-12314" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Granit mit Wollsackverwitterung" alt = "Felsformation" src = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/8/d/csm_kogelsteine_35d06d30a4.jpg" width = "295" height = "111" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Moravikum: Die Kogelsteine bei Eggenburg gehö ren zum Eggenburg-Granit (NÖ ). © Geosphere Austria
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< div id = "c9318" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Im Mü hlviertel und Waldviertel reicht die Bö hmische Masse mit ihrem Sü dende nach Ö sterreich. In diesen Regionen ü berziehen feingliedrig-mosaikartige Kulturlandschaften ein wellig-kuppiges Hochland, in das sich die Donau und ihre nö rdlichen Zuflü sse schluchtartig eingeschnitten haben. Waldreiche Mittelgebirgsrü cken wie der Bö hmerwald und der Weinsberger Wald ü berragen kennzeichnend dieses Hochland. Vielerorts finden sich bizarr geformte Felsen und Wackelsteine, die phantasievolle Benennungen tragen und Gegenstand zahlreicher Mythen und Mä rchen sind.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
< div id = "c16583" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-10" > < p > Die Bö hmische Masse ist eine ausgedehnte Mittelgebirgslandschaft, die vom Bö hmerwald bis zum Erzgebirge und von der Bö hmisch-Mä hrischen Hö he bis zum Riesengebirge reicht. In ihrem Zentrum liegt das Bö hmische Becken, umrahmt von oben genannten Hö henzü gen. Die Grundgebirgsreste der Bö hmischen Masse bilden aber nur einen kleinen Teil eines ehemals enormen Gebirgszuges, der sich von Mitteleuropa bis zur Iberischen Halbinsel erstreckte.< / p > < / div >
< div id = "c16584" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < p > Die vorherrschenden Gesteine sind Granit und Gneis, welche die Landschaftsformen wesentlich mitbestimmen. So sind die Kuppen meist felsig, oft finden sich Felsbauten auf Gipfeln oder in steileren Hä ngen sowie (frü her) vereinzelte rundliche Felsblö cke auf den Wiesen und Feldern. Diese besondere Form der Verwitterung von Gesteinen wird als Wollsackverwitterung bezeichnet, weil dabei gerundete Blö cke entstehen, die wie Polster oder eben wie Wollsä cke (altertü mliche Bezeichnung fü r Matratzen) ü bereinander gestapelt liegen kö nnen. Im Gegensatz dazu sind die Senken mit feinem Verwitterungsmaterial gefü llt und hä ufig vernä sst, weshalb hier auch Moore keine Seltenheit sind. Die Bö hmische Masse wird in Ö sterreich von den tektonischen Einheiten < a href = "../service/glossar/glossar-m.html#c12671" title = "Im neuen Fenster: Glossar" target = "_blank" class = "internal-link" > < span class = "link-prefix" > » < / span > Moldanubikum< / a > und < a href = "../service/glossar/glossar-m.html#c12673" title = "Im neuen Fenster: Glossar" target = "_blank" class = "internal-link" > < span class = "link-prefix" > » < / span > Moravikum< / a > < em > < strong > < / strong > < / em > aufgebaut.< / p > < / div >
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