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Blick vom Mü hlviertel (OÖ ) nach Sü den ü ber das Alpenvorland, zu den Voralpen und den Nö rdlichen Kalkalpen. © Geosphere Austria
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< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < h2 > Geografische Koordinaten< / h2 > < p > Im Herzen Mitteleuropas gelegen bedeckt unser Land eine Flä che von 83.879 km2. Das Staatsgebiet erstreckt sich zwischen Bodensee und Neusiedler See ü ber eine Lä nge von rund 550 km, in Nord – Sü d-Richtung erreicht es bis zu 300 km.
< / p > < p > Ö sterreich vereinigt drei vö llig unterschiedliche Landschaftstypen: Im Norden des Landes ist die Mittelgebirgslandschaft des Wald- und Mü hlviertels durch Hochflä chen und sanfte Hü gel charakterisiert. Sü dlich und ö stlich davon liegen Beckenlandschaften und weite Talfluren, die von der Donau und ihren Zuflü ssen entwä ssert werden. Der grö ß te Teil Ö sterreichs aber wird von den gebirgigen Ostalpen mit dem Groß glockner als hö chstem Berg (3798 m) eingenommen.
< / p > < p > Ö sterreich wird wesentlich durch seine Lage in und an den Alpen bestimmt. Aus geologischer Sicht treffen hier zwei Welten aufeinander, denn die Alpen stellen – vereinfacht ausgedrü ckt – die Knautschzone zwischen Afrika und Europa dar.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div >
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Klettertour auf Korallenriffen
< / span > < / h1 > < h2 class = "" >
Die Nö rdlichen Kalkalpen
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< div id = "c9342" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-image frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-custom-5 frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-image ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-gallery" data-ce-columns = "1" data-ce-images = "1" > < div class = "ce-row" > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../../fileadmin/user_upload/dokumente/Rocky_Austria/01_OEsterreichs_Landschaften/04_Noerdliche_Kalkalpen/nordkette.jpg" title = "Blick vom Innsbrucker Mittelgebirge über das Inntal mit der Stadt Innsbruck nach Norden auf die Gipfelflur der Nordkette (T). © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Blick vom Innsbrucker Mittelgebirge über das Inntal mit der Stadt Innsbruck nach Norden auf die Gipfelflur der Nordkette (T). © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-9342" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Nordkette" alt = "Berglandschaft" src = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/e/5/csm_nordkette_a9907c8b3b.jpg" width = "600" height = "452" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Blick vom Innsbrucker Mittelgebirge ü ber das Inntal mit der Stadt Innsbruck nach Norden auf die Gipfelflur der Nordkette (T). © Geosphere Austria
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< div id = "c9340" class = "frame frame-custom-100 frame-type-image frame-layout-1 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-image ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-gallery" data-ce-columns = "2" data-ce-images = "2" > < div class = "ce-row" > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/f/5/csm_rofannordwand_6514226577.jpg" title = "Die Rofan-Nordwand in den westlichen Brandenberger Alpen (T) ist ein beliebtes Klettergebiet. © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Die Rofan-Nordwand in den westlichen Brandenberger Alpen (T) ist ein beliebtes Klettergebiet. © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-9340" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Brandenberger Alpen" alt = "Berglandschaft" src = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/f/5/csm_rofannordwand_d93f73dd15.jpg" width = "295" height = "111" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Die Rofan-Nordwand in den westlichen Brandenberger Alpen (T) ist ein beliebtes Klettergebiet. © Geosphere Austria
< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/b/3/csm_gosaukamm_67436f7b5b.jpg" title = "Blick von Norden auf die Kulisse des Gosaukamms (OÖ), der die Grenze zu Salzburg im Süden bildet. © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Blick von Norden auf die Kulisse des Gosaukamms (OÖ), der die Grenze zu Salzburg im Süden bildet. © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-9340" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Gosaukamm" alt = "Berglandschaft" src = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/b/3/csm_gosaukamm_4fa29a2c99.jpg" width = "295" height = "111" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Blick von Norden auf die Kulisse des Gosaukamms (OÖ ), der die Grenze zu Salzburg im Sü den bildet. © Geosphere Austria
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< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div >
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< div id = "c9338" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-10" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Die Nö rdlichen Kalkalpen durchqueren ganz Ö sterreich, sie reichen vom Grenzbereich Vorarlbergs zur Schweiz und zu Liechtenstein im Westen bis in die sü dwestlichen Auß enbezirke Wiens. Hier tauchen sie unter die Sedimente des Wiener Beckens in die Tiefe und finden weiter ö stlich in vergleichbaren Gesteinen der Karpaten ihre Fortsetzung.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
< div id = "c16596" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Die Parseierspitze in den Lechtaler Alpen ist mit 3036 Metern der hö chste Gipfel der Kalkalpen, es folgen der Hohe Dachstein (2995 m), die Schesaplana (2965 m) im Rä tikon, die Zugspitze (2962 m) im Wettersteingebirge und der Hochkö nig (2941 m) in den Salzburger Kalkalpen. Das Dachsteinmassiv trä gt auch das ö stlichste und gleichzeitig flä chenmä ß ig grö ß te Gletscherareal der Nö rdlichen Kalkalpen.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
< div id = "c16597" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-10" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Das eindrucksvolle Landschaftsbild der Nö rdlichen Kalkalpen hat seine Ursache im engen Nebeneinander von wuchtigen Bergstö cken mit schroffen Felswä nden aus Kalk- und Dolomitgestein und bewaldeten, sanftwelligen Mittelgebirgsketten und Beckenlandschaften aus weichen Mergeln und Sandsteinen. Dies ist Ausdruck der sehr abwechslungsreichen Entstehungsgeschichte der Gesteine, die aus einer mehrere Kilometer dicken < a href = "../service/glossar/glossar-s.html#c13189" title = "Im neuen Fenster: Glossar" target = "_blank" class = "internal-link" > < span class = "link-prefix" > » < / span > Schichtfolge < / a > unterschiedlichster Meeresablagerungen hervorgegangen sind. Mengenmä ß ig dominieren kalkige Sedimente aus Riffen und seichten Lagunen. Insbesondere im Mittelabschnitt der Nö rdlichen Kalkalpen – vom Steinernen Meer bis zum Toten Gebirge, in geringerem Umfang auch weiter ö stlich im Hochschwab und im Rax-Schneeberg-Gebiet – bilden diese Kalke groß flä chige, intensiv verkarstete Hochplateaus. Deren vorwiegend unterirdische Entwä sserung schuf ausgedehnte Hö hlensysteme. Das Schö nberg-Hö hlensystem im westlichen Toten Gebirge ist mit bislang 135 km vermessener Ganglä nge die derzeit lä ngste Hö hle der Europä ischen Union.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
< div id = "c16598" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-10" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Der Sü drand der Nö rdlichen Kalkalpen folgt auf weiten Strecken einer Reihe von markanten Lä ngstä lern wie beispielsweise dem Inn- und dem Ennstal, bis diese in Nordrichtung umschwenken und die Kalkalpen querend der Donau zufließ en. Diese begrenzenden Tä ler haben ihre Ursache nicht nur in den sü dlich anschließ enden, weicheren Schiefergesteinen der Grauwackenzone, sondern auch in den streckenweise hier verlaufenden groß en Stö rungen der Ostalpen.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
< div id = "c16609" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Aus tektonischer Sicht sind die Nö rdlichen Kalkalpen ein Teil des Ostalpins. Sie bilden ein Falten- und Deckengebirge, dessen vorwiegend in West– Ost-Richtung verlaufende Faltenachsen und Deckenfronten sich in einer gleichartigen Ausrichtung der Gebirgskä mme abbilden.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
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