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< div id = "c13143" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-shortcut frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < div id = "c7378" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-center ce-above" > < div class = "ce-gallery" data-ce-columns = "1" data-ce-images = "1" > < div class = "ce-outer" > < div class = "ce-inner" > < div class = "ce-row" > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Panoramablick" alt = "Landschaft" src = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/1/e/csm_BM-Kalkalp_49deda58cd.jpg" width = "212" height = "160" loading = "lazy" > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
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Blick vom Mü hlviertel (OÖ ) nach Sü den ü ber das Alpenvorland, zu den Voralpen und den Nö rdlichen Kalkalpen. © Geosphere Austria
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< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < h2 > Geografische Koordinaten< / h2 > < p > Im Herzen Mitteleuropas gelegen bedeckt unser Land eine Flä che von 83.879 km2. Das Staatsgebiet erstreckt sich zwischen Bodensee und Neusiedler See ü ber eine Lä nge von rund 550 km, in Nord – Sü d-Richtung erreicht es bis zu 300 km.
< / p > < p > Ö sterreich vereinigt drei vö llig unterschiedliche Landschaftstypen: Im Norden des Landes ist die Mittelgebirgslandschaft des Wald- und Mü hlviertels durch Hochflä chen und sanfte Hü gel charakterisiert. Sü dlich und ö stlich davon liegen Beckenlandschaften und weite Talfluren, die von der Donau und ihren Zuflü ssen entwä ssert werden. Der grö ß te Teil Ö sterreichs aber wird von den gebirgigen Ostalpen mit dem Groß glockner als hö chstem Berg (3798 m) eingenommen.
< / p > < p > Ö sterreich wird wesentlich durch seine Lage in und an den Alpen bestimmt. Aus geologischer Sicht treffen hier zwei Welten aufeinander, denn die Alpen stellen – vereinfacht ausgedrü ckt – die Knautschzone zwischen Afrika und Europa dar.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div >
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Vorfeld des Hochgebirges
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Vom Wienerwald zum Bregenzerwald
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< div id = "c12322" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-image frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-custom-5 frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-image ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-gallery" data-ce-columns = "1" data-ce-images = "1" > < div class = "ce-row" > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../../fileadmin/user_upload/dokumente/Rocky_Austria/01_OEsterreichs_Landschaften/03_Voralpen/mondsee_panorama.jpg" title = "Blick von der Autobahnraststation Mondsee (OÖ) nach Süden auf die sanft hügelige Flyschzone mit den Nördlichen Kalkalpen am Horizont. © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Blick von der Autobahnraststation Mondsee (OÖ) nach Süden auf die sanft hügelige Flyschzone mit den Nördlichen Kalkalpen am Horizont. © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-12322" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Flyschzone" alt = "Landschaft" src = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/8/f/csm_mondsee_panorama_738c290928.jpg" width = "600" height = "452" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Blick von der Autobahnraststation Mondsee (OÖ ) nach Sü den auf die sanft hü gelige Flyschzone mit den Nö rdlichen Kalkalpen am Horizont. © Geosphere Austria
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< div id = "c9335" class = "frame frame-custom-100 frame-type-image frame-layout-1 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-image ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-gallery" data-ce-columns = "2" data-ce-images = "2" > < div class = "ce-row" > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/8/6/csm_gspoettgraben_492923b11a.jpg" title = "Steil stehende Schichten im Naturdenkmal „Gspöttgraben“ (W) mit Blick auf den herbstlichen Wienerwald. © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Steil stehende Schichten im Naturdenkmal „Gspöttgraben“ (W) mit Blick auf den herbstlichen Wienerwald. © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-9335" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Wienerwald" alt = "Waldlandschaft" src = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/8/6/csm_gspoettgraben_9cbf6a32bc.jpg" width = "295" height = "111" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Steil stehende Schichten im Naturdenkmal „ Gspö ttgraben“ (W) mit Blick auf den herbstlichen Wienerwald. © Geosphere Austria
< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/0/4/csm_leopoldsberg_bisamberg_80292a539e.jpg" title = "Leopoldsberg (425 m), Donaudurchbruch und der Bisambergrücken (358 m) begrenzen das Wiener Stadtgebiet im Nordwesten. © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Leopoldsberg (425 m), Donaudurchbruch und der Bisambergrücken (358 m) begrenzen das Wiener Stadtgebiet im Nordwesten. © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-9335" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Donaudurchbruch" alt = "Landschaft" src = "../../fileadmin/_processed_/0/4/csm_leopoldsberg_bisamberg_a717bca816.jpg" width = "295" height = "111" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Leopoldsberg (425 m), Donaudurchbruch und der Bisambergrü cken (358 m) begrenzen das Wiener Stadtgebiet im Nordwesten. © Geosphere Austria
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< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div >
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< div id = "c9333" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-10" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Sü dlich des Alpenvorlandes beginnen mit einer Mittelgebirgslandschaft die Ostalpen. Ihr nö rdlicher Rand verlä uft von Greifenstein an der Donau in Ost– West-Richtung quer durch Nieder- und Oberö sterreich bis Salzburg.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
< div id = "c16590" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Bereits an der westlichen Stadtgrenze Wiens zeigt diese Landschaft ihren spezifischen Charakter, den sie vom Hermannskogel (542 m), dem hö chsten Berg Wiens, ü ber den Schö pfl (893 m), den hö chsten Berg des Wienerwalds, bis zum Kolomansberg (1114 m) an der oberö sterreichisch-salzburgischen Grenze beibehä lt: eine weitgehend bewaldete und stark gegliederte Mittelgebirgslandschaft mit sanften Formen. Ursache dieser typischen Morphologie sind leicht verwitterbare und groß teils weiche Gesteine wie Mergelstein und Sandstein mit einzelnen Konglomeratlagen sowie die weit verbreiteten < a href = "../service/glossar/glossar-f.html#c12593" title = "Im neuen Fenster: Glossar" target = "_blank" class = "internal-link" > < span class = "link-prefix" > » < / span > Flyschgesteine< / a > .< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
< div id = "c16592" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-10" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Erst in Oberö sterreich und im nö rdlichen Teil Salzburgs wird an mehreren Stellen der einheitliche Charakter dieser Landschaft unterbrochen: Im Vorland des Traunsees und Attersees sowie im Gebiet um den Irrsee und um den Wallersee wird die morphologische Eigenart dieser Zone unter einer eiszeitlichen Endmorä nenlandschaft begraben.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
< div id = "c16593" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-10" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Westlich der Salzach verlä uft der Nordrand der Ostalpen durch Bayern und erreicht in Vorarlberg wieder ö sterreichisches Gebiet. Hier bestimmen bewaldete Bergrü cken mit Almen und Wiesen den Nordteil des Bregenzerwaldes, der nur in einigen Bereichen mehr als 1300 m Hö he erreicht. Aufgebaut wird dieser Teil des Bregenzerwaldes aus Mergelstein, Sandstein und Konglomerat. Diese verwittern leicht, sind daher von Bä chen tief eingeschnitten und anfä llig fü r Hangrutschungen. Die weichen Gelä ndeformen werden noch durch auflagernde eiszeitliche Sedimente betont.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
< div id = "c16594" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-10" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Im sü dlichen Bregenzerwald erreichen die Berge Hö hen um 2000 m. Auch hier bewirkt der Flysch verbreitet die Ausbildung von bewaldeten Kuppen und weiten Talbö den mit Wiesenflä chen. Andere Bereiche bestehen aus Mergelstein mit dazwischen liegenden Zü gen aus Kalkstein, welcher schroffe Felsformationen bildet. Die aus Kalk aufgebauten Rü cken sind zum Teil verkarstet.< br > Die nö rdlichsten Hü gel im ö stlichen Teil der Ostalpen sowie der nö rdliche Bregenzerwald werden von den hochgeschü rften Teilen der Molassezone (Allochthone Molasse) aufgebaut.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
< div id = "c16595" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-textpic ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < p > Flyschgesteine bauen die < a href = "../service/glossar/glossar-r.html#c13188" title = "Im neuen Fenster: Glossar" target = "_blank" class = "internal-link" > < span class = "link-prefix" > » < / span > Rhenodanubische < / a > Flyschzone auf, welche ein Teil des Penninikums ist. Darin eingeschaltet sind die Mergel und Mergelsteine des Helvetikums, zu welchem auch die Kalkgesteine im mittleren Bregenzerwald gehö ren.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
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