353 lines
49 KiB
HTML
353 lines
49 KiB
HTML
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<!-- Mirrored from www.geologie.ac.at/rocky-austria/service/glossar/glossar-k by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR&CO'2014], Thu, 21 Nov 2024 15:47:13 GMT -->
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<base >
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<link rel="icon" href="https://www.geosphere.at/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon">
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<title>Glossar K: Rocky Austria</title>
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source: '/fileadmin/template-rocky/timeline/example_json.json',
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embed_id: 'timeline-embed', //OPTIONAL USE A DIFFERENT DIV ID FOR EMBED
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<a href="../../index.html"><img src="../../../fileadmin/template-rocky/img/logo.jpg" alt="Rocky"></a>
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<a href="#" data-target="landschaften">Landschaften</a> | <a href="#" data-target="bausteine">Bausteine</a>
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<object id="landschaften" class="landschaften map" data="../../fileadmin/template-rocky/img/Karte_Landschaften.svg" type="image/svg+xml">
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Ihr Browser kann leider kein SVG darstellen.
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Ihr Browser kann leider kein SVG darstellen.
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<div class="row">
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<div class="col-md-10">
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<nav id="mainnav">
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<ul><li><a href="../../landschaften.html">Landschaften</a><ul class="scndLevel clearfix"><li><a href="../../landschaften/boehmische-masse.html">Böhmische Masse</a></li><li><a href="../../landschaften/alpenvorland.html">Alpenvorland</a></li><li><a href="../../landschaften/voralpen.html">Voralpen</a></li><li><a href="../../landschaften/noerdliche-kalkalpen.html">Nördliche Kalkalpen</a></li><li><a href="../../landschaften/zentrale-ostalpen.html">Zentrale Ostalpen</a></li><li><a href="../../landschaften/suedalpen.html">Südalpen</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../../grundlagen.html">Grundlagen</a><ul class="scndLevel clearfix"><li><a href="../../grundlagen/plattentektonik.html">Plattentektonik</a></li><li><a href="../../grundlagen/gesteinskreislauf.html">Gesteinskreislauf</a></li><li><a href="../../grundlagen/fossilien.html">Fossilien</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../../bausteine.html">Bausteine</a><ul class="scndLevel clearfix"><li><a href="../../bausteine/moldanubikum-moravikum.html">Moldanubikum-Moravikum</a></li><li><a href="../../bausteine/helvetikum.html">Helvetikum</a></li><li><a href="../../bausteine/subpennin.html">Subpennin</a></li><li><a href="../../bausteine/pennin.html">Pennin</a></li><li><a href="../../bausteine/ostalpin.html">Ostalpin</a></li><li><a href="../../bausteine/sudalpin.html">Südalpin</a></li><li><a href="../../bausteine/meliatikum.html">Meliatikum</a></li><li><a href="../../bausteine/molasse.html">Molasse</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte.html">Entwicklungsgeschichte</a><ul class="scndLevel clearfix"><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/pra-kambrium.html">(Prä-)Kambrium</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/ordoviz-silur-devon.html">Ordoviz, Silur, Devon</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/karbon.html">Karbon</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/perm.html">Perm</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/trias.html">Trias</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/jura.html">Jura</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/kreide.html">Kreide</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/palaogen.html">Paläogen</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/neogen.html">Neogen</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/quartar.html">Quartär</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../../gebirgsbildung.html">Gebirgsbildung</a></li><li class="selected"><a href="../../service.html" class="selected">Service</a><ul class="scndLevel clearfix"><li><a href="../download.html">Download</a></li><li class="selected"><a href="../glossar.html" class="selected">Glossar</a></li></ul></li></ul>
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</nav>
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<div id="mobile-nav">
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<ul><li><a href="#">Menü</a><ul><li><a href="../../landschaften.html">Landschaften</a><ul><li><a href="../../landschaften/boehmische-masse.html">Böhmische Masse</a></li><li><a href="../../landschaften/alpenvorland.html">Alpenvorland</a></li><li><a href="../../landschaften/voralpen.html">Voralpen</a></li><li><a href="../../landschaften/noerdliche-kalkalpen.html">Nördliche Kalkalpen</a></li><li><a href="../../landschaften/zentrale-ostalpen.html">Zentrale Ostalpen</a></li><li class="last"><a href="../../landschaften/suedalpen.html">Südalpen</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../../grundlagen.html">Grundlagen</a><ul><li><a href="../../grundlagen/plattentektonik.html">Plattentektonik</a></li><li><a href="../../grundlagen/gesteinskreislauf.html">Gesteinskreislauf</a></li><li class="last"><a href="../../grundlagen/fossilien.html">Fossilien</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../../bausteine.html">Bausteine</a><ul><li><a href="../../bausteine/moldanubikum-moravikum.html">Moldanubikum-Moravikum</a></li><li><a href="../../bausteine/helvetikum.html">Helvetikum</a></li><li><a href="../../bausteine/subpennin.html">Subpennin</a></li><li><a href="../../bausteine/pennin.html">Pennin</a></li><li><a href="../../bausteine/ostalpin.html">Ostalpin</a></li><li><a href="../../bausteine/sudalpin.html">Südalpin</a></li><li><a href="../../bausteine/meliatikum.html">Meliatikum</a></li><li class="last"><a href="../../bausteine/molasse.html">Molasse</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte.html">Entwicklungsgeschichte</a><ul><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/pra-kambrium.html">(Prä-)Kambrium</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/ordoviz-silur-devon.html">Ordoviz, Silur, Devon</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/karbon.html">Karbon</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/perm.html">Perm</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/trias.html">Trias</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/jura.html">Jura</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/kreide.html">Kreide</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/palaogen.html">Paläogen</a></li><li><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/neogen.html">Neogen</a></li><li class="last"><a href="../../entwicklungsgeschichte/quartar.html">Quartär</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="../../gebirgsbildung.html">Gebirgsbildung</a></li><li class="last"><a href="../../service.html" class="active">Service</a><ul><li><a href="../download.html">Download</a></li><li class="last"><a href="../glossar.html" class="active">Glossar</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="col-md-2">
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<div class="container-right-top clearfix">
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<div id="language">
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<ul></ul>
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</div>
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<div id="textSizer">
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<div class="fontSize hidden-sm hidden-xs" id="fontsize">
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<p>
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<a href="#nogo" class="">
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<span class="medium">A</span>
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</a>
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<a href="#nogo" class="">
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<span class="large">A</span>
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</a>
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="container-right-bottom">
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<div class="search-container">
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<!--<form action="index.php?id=803" method="post" id="indexedsearch">
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<input type="hidden" name="tx_indexedsearch[sections]" value="0">
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<input name="tx_indexedsearch[submit_button]" value="Search" type="hidden">
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<input name="tx_indexedsearch[sword]" placeholder="Suchbegriff" id="search-field" type="text">
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<input type="image" src="/fileadmin/template-rocky/img/search.png" id="search-button" class="searchButton" alt="Search" title="Search">
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</form>-->
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<form method="get" id="form_kesearch_pi1" name="form_kesearch_pi1" action="https://www.geosphere.at/rocky-austria/suche/">
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<fieldset class="kesearch_searchbox">
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<!-- <input type="hidden" name="id" value="803"> -->
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<!-- <input type="text" id="ke_search_sword" name="tx_kesearch_pi1[sword]" value="" placeholder="Suchbegriff" onfocus="if (this.value == 'Suchbegriff') { this.value = ''; }" onblur="if (this.value == '') { this.value = 'Suchbegriff'; }">
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<input type="image" src="../../../fileadmin/template-rocky/img/search.png" id="search-button" class="searchButton" alt="Search" title="Suche"> -->
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<input id="kesearchpagenumber" type="hidden" name="tx_kesearch_pi1[page]" value="1">
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<input id="resetFilters" type="hidden" name="tx_kesearch_pi1[resetFilters]" value="0">
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<input id="sortByField" type="hidden" name="tx_kesearch_pi1[sortByField]" value="">
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<input id="sortByDir" type="hidden" name="tx_kesearch_pi1[sortByDir]" value="">
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</fieldset>
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</form>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="row custom-row" id="pageWrap">
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<div class="col-md-3 custom-column">
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<div id="sidebar" class="content">
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<div id="c13161" class="frame frame-default frame-type-shortcut frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><div id="c7374" class="frame frame-default frame-type-textpic frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><div class="ce-textpic ce-center ce-above"><div class="ce-gallery" data-ce-columns="1" data-ce-images="1"><div class="ce-outer"><div class="ce-inner"><div class="ce-row"><div class="ce-column"><figure class="image"><img class="image-embed-item" title="Glasmosaik" alt="Kunstwerk" src="../../../fileadmin/_processed_/3/3/csm_mosaik_427ff9a400.jpg" width="600" height="452" loading="lazy"><figcaption class="image-caption">
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Detail aus dem Glasmosaik „Reichtum Erde“ von Christian Ludwig Attersee im Foyer der Geologischen Bundesanstalt. © Geologische Bundesanstalt
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</figcaption></figure></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ce-bodytext"><h2>Geologie kurz und bunt</h2><p>Die Fragen nach der Entstehung des Bodens unter unseren Füßen, also nach Art, Herkunft und Alter der Gesteine und der Geschichte der Formung der Landschaft, zählen seit jeher zu den natürlichen Grundfragen des Menschen.
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</p><p>Antworten werden auf mythologischer, philosophischer und theologischer Ebene zu geben versucht. Rocky Austria stellt die geologische Entwicklung unseres Landes, basierend auf naturwissenschaftlichen Daten, dar. Deren Erforschung war und ist häufig von praktischen Interessen motiviert, wie der Suche nach nutzbaren Vorkommen von mineralischen Rohstoffen oder der Versorgung mit sauberem Trinkwasser. Aber auch ein kulturelles Bedürfnis vieler ist damit verbunden: Herkunft und Werden der Gesteine und Landschaften sollen auf aktuellem wissenschaftlichem Kenntnisstand verständlich erläutert werden!</p></div></div></div></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="col-md-9 custom-column">
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<div id="maincontent-title" class="content">
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<div id="c12428" class="frame frame-default frame-type-header frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h1 class="element-header "><span>
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Glossar
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</span></h1><h2 class="">
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Begriffe von A - Z
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</h2></div>
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</div>
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<div id="maincontent" class="content">
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<div id="c12988" class="frame frame-default frame-type-html frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><style type="text/css">
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#start-right h3, #sidebar h3, #sidebar h2 {
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margin-top: 0;
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font-size: 1.2em;
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font-weight:normal;
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}
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#maincontent h3 {
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font-size: 1.2em;
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font-weight:normal;
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color: #606c65 !Important;
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}
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#maincontent-title h1.csc-firstHeader {
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font-size: 2.2em !important;
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}
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#maincontent-title h2 {
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color: #606c65;
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margin-top: 0;
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font-size: 1.6em;
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margin-top: 0;
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padding-top: 0;
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}
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p {
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margin-top: 0;
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}
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</style></div>
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<div id="c12896" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><table style="BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #dddddd" class="contenttable"><tbody><tr><td><a href="../glossar.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe A" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>A</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-b.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe B" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>B</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-c.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe C" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>C</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-d.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe D" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>D</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-e.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe E" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>E</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-f.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe F" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>F</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-g.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe G" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>G</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-h.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe H" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>H</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-i.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe I" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>I</b></a></td><td><b>K</b></td><td><a href="glossar-l.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe L" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>L</b></a></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #dddddd" class="contenttable"><tbody><tr><td><a href="glossar-m.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe M" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>M</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-n.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe N" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>N</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-o.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe O" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>O</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-p.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe P" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>P</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-q.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe Q" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>Q</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-r.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe R" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>R</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-s.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe S" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>S</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-t.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe T" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>T</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-u.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe U" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>U</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-v.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe V" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>V</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-z.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe Z" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span><b>Z</b></a></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<div id="c12426" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kaledonische Gebirgsbildung:</h3><p>Entstehung der frühpaläozoischen Gebirge Nordeuropas, benannt nach dem lateinisch-keltischen Namen für Schottland („Caledonia“).</p></div>
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<div id="c12623" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kalk(stein):</h3><p><a href="glossar-k.html#c12629" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Karbonatisches</a><a href="glossar-s.html#c12723" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Sediment</a> bzw. <a href="glossar-s.html#c12724" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Sedimentgestein</a>, welches überwiegend aus <a href="glossar-k.html#c12756" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Kalzit</a> besteht.</p></div>
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<div id="c12624" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kalkglimmerschiefer:</h3><p><a href="glossar-m.html#c12663" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Metamorpher</a><a href="glossar-g.html#c12607" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>glimmerreicher</a><a href="glossar-s.html#c12717" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Schiefer</a> mit <a href="glossar-t.html#c12743" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>tonig</a>-<a href="glossar-s.html#c12474" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>sandig</a>-<a href="glossar-k.html#c12623" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>kalkigem</a><a href="glossar-s.html#c12723" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Sediment</a> als Ausgangsmaterial.</p></div>
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<div id="c12625" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kalkschiefer:</h3><p><a href="glossar-m.html#c12663" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Metamorpher</a><a href="glossar-s.html#c12717" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Schiefer</a>, der als Hauptbestandteil <a href="glossar-k.html#c12756" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Kalzit</a> enthält und aus <a href="glossar-k.html#c12623" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>kalkig</a>-<a href="glossar-t.html#c12743" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>tonigem</a><a href="glossar-s.html#c12723" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Sediment</a> hervorgegangen ist.</p></div>
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<div id="c12626" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kältesteppe:</h3><p>Baumlose Landschaft mit verbreitet Dauerfrostboden (Synonym für Tundra).</p></div>
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<div id="c12756" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kalzit:</h3><p><a href="glossar-m.html#c12666" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Mineral</a>name für Kalziumkarbonat (CaCO<sub>3</sub>); häufig <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>gesteins</a>bildend.</p></div>
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<div id="c12627" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kaolin:</h3><p>Hauptsächlich aus Kaolinit (Aluminiumhydro<a href="glossar-s.html#c12729" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>silikat</a>) aufgebauter, weißlicher <a href="glossar-t.html#c12743" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Ton</a>; Rohstoff für die Keramik- und Papierindustrie.</p></div>
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<div id="c12628" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kar:</h3><p>Durch <a href="glossar-g.html#c12606" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>glaziale</a><a href="glossar-e.html#c12585" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Erosion</a> entstandene halbrunde Hohlform in Bergflanken.</p></div>
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<div id="c13228" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Karbon:</h3><p>Abschnitt im Erdalterum (Paläozoikum) basierend auf den zahlreichen Steinkohlelagerstätten aus dieser Periode (früher auch Steinkohlezeit).</p></div>
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<div id="c12629" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Karbonat:</h3><p>Salz der Kohlensäure; <a href="glossar-g.html#c12601" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>geologisch</a> bedeutend sind die beiden <a href="glossar-g.html#c12604" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>gesteinsbildenden</a> Karbonat-<a href="glossar-m.html#c12666" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Minerale</a><a href="glossar-k.html#c12756" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Kalzit</a> und <a href="glossar-d.html#c12574" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Dolomit</a>.</p></div>
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<div id="c12630" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Karst:</h3><p>Unter- und oberirdische Geländeformen in <a href="glossar-k.html#c12629" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Karbonatgesteinen</a> (zum Teil auch in Sulfat- und Salz<a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>gesteinen</a>), die vorwiegend durch Kohlensäure<a href="glossar-v.html#c12752" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>verwitterung</a> (oder Lösungs<a href="glossar-v.html#c12752" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>verwitterung</a>) sowie Ausfällung von <a href="glossar-k.html#c12623" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Kalksteinen</a> und ähnlichen <a href="glossar-s.html#c12724" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Sedimentgesteinen</a> mit hohen Gehalten an <a href="glossar-k.html#c12756" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Kalzit</a> entstanden sind.
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</p><p>Hauptmerkmal ist der überwiegend unterirdische Wasserhaushalt, der nicht auf einer primären Porosität des <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Gesteins</a> beruht, sondern vielmehr sekundär durch den in <a href="glossar-g.html#c12601" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>geologischen</a> Zeiträumen stattfindenden Prozess der Verkarstung (d.h. Korrosion) bedingt ist.</p></div>
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<div id="c12631" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kies:</h3><p>Grobkörniges (Körnung zwischen 2 und 63 mm) <a href="glossar-k.html#c12757" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>klastisches</a><a href="glossar-s.html#c12723" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Sediment</a> mit überwiegend gerundeten Komponenten (<a href="glossar-s.html#c12721" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Schotter</a>).</p></div>
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<div id="c12632" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kieselig:</h3><p>Reich an <a href="glossar-q.html#c12462" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Quarz</a>.</p></div>
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<div id="c12633" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kieseliger Schiefer:</h3><p><a href="glossar-s.html#c12724" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Sedimentgestein</a> aus <a href="glossar-t.html#c12743" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Ton</a> und einem hohen Anteil an feinstkörnigem <a href="glossar-q.html#c12462" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Quarz</a>, der aus Skeletten von <a href="glossar-r.html#c12767" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Radiolarien</a> (<a href="glossar-r.html#c12468" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Radiolarit</a>) stammt.</p></div>
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<div id="c12634" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kieselsäuren:</h3><p>Sauerstoffsäuren des Siliziums. Als Summenformel wird häufi g SiO<sub>2</sub> ⋅ n H<sub>2</sub>O angegeben; das Wasser ist bei Kieselsäuren jedoch kein <a href="glossar-k.html#c12645" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Kristall</a>wasser, sondern kann nur durch eine chemische Reaktion abgespalten werden. Formales Endprodukt der Wasserabspaltung ist Siliziumdioxid (SiO2; <a href="glossar-q.html#c12462" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Quarz</a>). Die Salze der Kieselsäuren nennt man <a href="glossar-s.html#c12729" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Silikate</a>; kieselsäurereiche <a href="glossar-m.html#c12655" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>magmatische Gesteine</a> werden als „sauer“ bezeichnet (<a href="glossar-s.html#c12712" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>saures Gestein</a>), kieselsäurearme als „basisch“ (<a href="glossar-b.html#c12563" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>basisches Gestein</a>).</p></div>
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<div id="c12757" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Klastisch:</h3><p>Bezeichnung für aus festen Bruchstücken bestehendes <a href="glossar-s.html#c12723" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Sediment</a> oder <a href="glossar-s.html#c12724" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Sedimentgestein</a>, welches durch mechanische <a href="glossar-v.html#c12752" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Verwitterung</a> von <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Gesteinen</a> und deren nachfolgenden Transport entstanden ist.</p></div>
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<div id="c13234" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Klimaarchive:</h3><p>In Moor- und Seeablagerungen finden sich meist reichlich <a href="glossar-f.html#c12595" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>fossile</a> Pollen und Sporen, die zur Rekonstruktion der früheren Pflanzengemeinschaften – und damit indirekt des Klimas – verwendet werden.</p></div>
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<div id="c12635" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Klippe:</h3><p>Relativ kleiner Teil einer <a href="glossar-d.html#c12390" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Decke</a>, der durch <a href="glossar-e.html#c12585" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Erosion</a> vom Hauptkörper abgetrennt ist.</p></div>
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<div id="c12636" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kluft:</h3><p>Ebener Bruch oder Riss in einem <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Gestein</a> ohne seitliche Versetzung, entstanden durch diagenetische (<a href="glossar-d.html#c12572" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Diagenese</a>) Prozesse, tektonische (<a href="glossar-t.html#c12737" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Tektonik</a>) Beanspruchung oder Abkühlung. Die Größenordnung einer geöffneten Kluft liegt im Bereich von wenigen Millimetern Weite bis zu einer Erstreckung von mehreren Metern.</p></div>
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<div id="c12637" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kluftkörper:</h3><p><a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Gesteins</a>körper, der allseitig von <a href="glossar-k.html#c12636" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Klüften</a> begrenzt wird.</p></div>
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<div id="c12638" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kohlenwasserstoffe:</h3><p>Chemische Verbindungen aus Kohlenstoff und Wasserstoff; <a href="glossar-g.html#c12601" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>geologisch</a> und wirtschaftlich bedeutend sind sie als Hauptbestandteile von Erdöl- und Erdgaslagerstätten, gebildet im Laufe von Jahrmillionen aus organischem Material unter reduzierenden Bedingungen in einer Tiefe zwischen 2 000 und 6 000 m.</p></div>
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<div id="c12639" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Konglomerat:</h3><p><a href="glossar-k.html#c12757" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Klastisches</a><a href="glossar-s.html#c12724" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Sedimentgestein</a> mit mindestens 50 % gerundeten Komponenten (Körnung größer 2 mm); verfestigter <a href="glossar-k.html#c12631" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Kies</a>.</p></div>
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<div id="c12640" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Konkordanz:</h3><p>Ungestörte und gleichlaufende (konkordante) Überlagerung von älteren durch jüngere <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Gesteins</a>schichten; Hinweis auf durchgehende Ablagerung (<a href="glossar-s.html#c12723" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Sediment</a>).</p></div>
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<div id="c12641" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kontinentale Kruste:</h3><p>Jener Teil der <a href="glossar-e.html#c12583" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Erdkruste</a>, der aus relativ leichtem Material besteht, mit überwiegend <a href="glossar-s.html#c12712" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>sauren Gesteinen</a> wie <a href="glossar-g.html#c12613" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Granit</a>, <a href="glossar-g.html#c12609" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Gneis</a> und <a href="glossar-s.html#c12717" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Schiefer</a> und in größerer Tiefe auch <a href="glossar-b.html#c12563" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>basischen Gesteinen</a> wie <a href="glossar-d.html#c12573" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Diorit</a> und <a href="glossar-g.html#c12408" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Gabbro</a>. Aus ihr sind die Kontinente mitsamt ihren <a href="glossar-s.html#c12713" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Schelf</a>gebieten und dem <a href="glossar-k.html#c12642" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Kontinentalhang</a> aufgebaut.</p></div>
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<div id="c12642" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kontinentalhang:</h3><p>Sub<a href="glossar-m.html#c12658" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>mariner</a> Hangbereich zwischen <a href="glossar-s.html#c12713" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Schelf</a> und <a href="glossar-t.html#c12741" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Tiefsee</a>.</p></div>
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<div id="c12643" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Konvektionsströmungen:</h3><p>Sehr langsame Fließbewegungen im <a href="glossar-e.html#c12584" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Erdmantel</a>, verursacht durch Temperatur und Dichteunterschiede, die durch den Wärmefluss aus dem Erdinneren entstehen. Gelten als wesentliche Ursache der Bewegung der <a href="glossar-l.html#c12652" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Lithosphären</a>platten (<a href="glossar-p.html#c12695" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Plattentektonik</a>).</p></div>
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<div id="c12867" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kraton:</h3><p>Sehr alter Kernbereich eines Kontinents, der durch paläozoische oder spätere <a href="glossar-g.html#c12598" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Gebirgsbildungen</a> nicht mehr verformt wurde.</p></div>
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<div id="c12644" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Kristall:</h3><p>Festkörper, dessen Atome oder Moleküle in einem dreidimensionalen Kristallgitter regelmäßig angeordnet sind.</p></div>
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<div id="c12645" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-180"><h3>Kristallin:</h3><p>Bezeichnung für <a href="glossar-k.html#c12644" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>kristall</a>isiertes Material, in der <a href="glossar-g.html#c12601" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Geologie</a> für <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Gesteine</a> und <a href="glossar-m.html#c12666" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Minerale</a>; <a href="glossar-m.html#c12655" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>magmatische</a><a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Gesteine</a><a href="glossar-k.html#c12644" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>kristall</a>isieren aus einer <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Gesteins</a>schmelze (<a href="glossar-m.html#c12438" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Magma</a>), während <a href="glossar-m.html#c12663" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>metamorphe</a><a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Gesteine</a> in festem Zustand neu <a href="glossar-k.html#c12644" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>kristall</a>isieren (<a href="glossar-m.html#c12663" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">» </span>Metamorphose</a>).</p></div>
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