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< ul > < li > < a href = "#" > Menü < / a > < ul > < li > < a href = "landschaften.html" > Landschaften< / a > < ul > < li > < a href = "landschaften/boehmische-masse.html" > Bö hmische Masse< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "landschaften/alpenvorland.html" > Alpenvorland< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "landschaften/voralpen.html" > Voralpen< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "landschaften/noerdliche-kalkalpen.html" > Nö rdliche Kalkalpen< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "landschaften/zentrale-ostalpen.html" > Zentrale Ostalpen< / a > < / li > < li class = "last" > < a href = "landschaften/suedalpen.html" > Sü dalpen< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / li > < li > < a href = "grundlagen.html" class = "selected" > Grundlagen< / a > < ul > < li > < a href = "grundlagen/plattentektonik.html" > Plattentektonik< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "grundlagen/gesteinskreislauf.html" > Gesteinskreislauf< / a > < / li > < li class = "last" > < a href = "grundlagen/fossilien.html" > Fossilien< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / li > < li > < a href = "bausteine.html" > Bausteine< / a > < ul > < li > < a href = "bausteine/moldanubikum-moravikum.html" > Moldanubikum-Moravikum< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "bausteine/helvetikum.html" > Helvetikum< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "bausteine/subpennin.html" > Subpennin< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "bausteine/pennin.html" > Pennin< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "bausteine/ostalpin.html" > Ostalpin< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "bausteine/sudalpin.html" > Sü dalpin< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "bausteine/meliatikum.html" > Meliatikum< / a > < / li > < li class = "last" > < a href = "bausteine/molasse.html" > Molasse< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / li > < li > < a href = "entwicklungsgeschichte.html" > Entwicklungsgeschichte< / a > < ul > < li > < a href = "entwicklungsgeschichte/pra-kambrium.html" > (Prä -)Kambrium< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "entwicklungsgeschichte/ordoviz-silur-devon.html" > Ordoviz, Silur, Devon< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "entwicklungsgeschichte/karbon.html" > Karbon< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "entwicklungsgeschichte/perm.html" > Perm< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "entwicklungsgeschichte/trias.html" > Trias< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "entwicklungsgeschichte/jura.html" > Jura< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "entwicklungsgeschichte/kreide.html" > Kreide< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "entwicklungsgeschichte/palaogen.html" > Palä ogen< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "entwicklungsgeschichte/neogen.html" > Neogen< / a > < / li > < li class = "last" > < a href = "entwicklungsgeschichte/quartar.html" > Quartä r< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / li > < li > < a href = "gebirgsbildung.html" > Gebirgsbildung< / a > < / li > < li class = "last" > < a href = "service.html" > Service< / a > < ul > < li > < a href = "service/download.html" > Download< / a > < / li > < li class = "last" > < a href = "service/glossar.html" > Glossar< / a > < / li > < / ul > < / li > < / ul > < / li > < / ul >
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Geologische Exkursion am Polster in den Eisenerzer Alpen (St) mit dem Hochschwabplateau im Hintergrund. © Geosphere Austria
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< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div > < div class = "ce-bodytext" > < h2 > Der Alpenbogen< / h2 > < p > Durch Forschungen in den Alpen, die sich von der franzö sischen Riviera bis in den Wiener Raum erstrecken, wurden heute weltweit gü ltige Erkenntnisse der Geowissenschaften gewonnen. Dies betrifft im Besonderen die zeitliche Gliederung durch Fossilien (Stratigraphie). Ebenso werden geologische Erkenntnisse, wie die Plattentektonik, die aus anderen Regionen stammen auch in den Alpen angewendet.
< / p > < p > Die rund 500 km langen Ostalpen erstrecken sich vom Bodensee bis in den Wiener Raum. Unter dem Wiener Becken, dem Oststeirischen Hü gelland und der Kleinen Ungarischen Tiefebene finden die Alpen, bedeckt von bis zu 5000 Meter mä chtigen Sedimenten, ihre Fortsetzung. In den Nachbarlä ndern taucht der Gebirgszug in den Karpaten und Dinariden wieder auf, um sich noch weiter nach Osten fortzusetzen.< / p > < / div > < / div > < / div >
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Vom Beginn geologischer Arbeiten
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Von Geognosten und Professoren
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< div id = "c11788" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-image frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-custom-5 frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-image ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-gallery" data-ce-columns = "1" data-ce-images = "1" > < div class = "ce-row" > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../fileadmin/user_upload/dokumente/Rocky_Austria/02_Grundlagen/grundlagen.jpg" title = "Die Geländearbeit, das Beobachten und Dokumentieren vor Ort, ist seit alters her die Grundlage aller geologischen Arbeiten. © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Die Geländearbeit, das Beobachten und Dokumentieren vor Ort, ist seit alters her die Grundlage aller geologischen Arbeiten. © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-11788" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Geologische Geländearbeit" alt = "Notizbuch" src = "../fileadmin/_processed_/9/9/csm_grundlagen_b9ef4c6370.jpg" width = "600" height = "452" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Die Gelä ndearbeit, das Beobachten und Dokumentieren vor Ort, ist seit alters her die Grundlage aller geologischen Arbeiten. © Geosphere Austria
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< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div > < / div >
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< div id = "c11787" class = "frame frame-custom-100 frame-type-image frame-layout-1 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < div class = "ce-image ce-left ce-above" > < div class = "ce-gallery" data-ce-columns = "4" data-ce-images = "4" > < div class = "ce-row" > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../fileadmin/user_upload/dokumente/Rocky_Austria/02_Grundlagen/haidinger_wilhelm.jpg" title = "Wilhelm Ritter v. Haidinger (1795–1871). Erster Direktor der k.k. geologischen Reichsanstalt. © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Wilhelm Ritter v. Haidinger (1795–1871). Erster Direktor der k.k. geologischen Reichsanstalt. © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-11787" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Wilhelm Haidinger" alt = "Porträtbild" src = "../fileadmin/_processed_/3/7/csm_haidinger_wilhelm_4e88b68c0d.jpg" width = "142" height = "106" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Wilhelm Ritter v. Haidinger (1795– 1871). Erster Direktor der k.k. geologischen Reichsanstalt. © Geosphere Austria
< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../fileadmin/user_upload/dokumente/Rocky_Austria/02_Grundlagen/hauer_franz.jpg" title = "Franz v. Hauer (1822 – 1899). Zweiter Direktor der k.k. geologischen Reichsanstalt. © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Franz v. Hauer (1822 – 1899). Zweiter Direktor der k.k. geologischen Reichsanstalt. © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-11787" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Franz Hauer" alt = "Porträtbild" src = "../fileadmin/_processed_/7/8/csm_hauer_franz_508d92379c.jpg" width = "142" height = "106" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Franz v. Hauer (1822 – 1899). Zweiter Direktor der k.k. geologischen Reichsanstalt. © Geosphere Austria
< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../fileadmin/user_upload/dokumente/Rocky_Austria/02_Grundlagen/suess_eduard.jpg" title = "Eduard Suess (1831 – 1914). Ordinarius für Paläontologie und Geologie an der Universität Wien. © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Eduard Suess (1831 – 1914). Ordinarius für Paläontologie und Geologie an der Universität Wien. © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-11787" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Eduard Suess" alt = "Porträtbild" src = "../fileadmin/_processed_/4/8/csm_suess_eduard_45828c15c4.jpg" width = "142" height = "106" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Eduard Suess (1831 – 1914). Ordinarius fü r Palä ontologie und Geologie an der Universitä t Wien. © Geosphere Austria
< / figcaption > < / figure > < / div > < div class = "ce-column" > < figure class = "image" > < a href = "../fileadmin/user_upload/dokumente/Rocky_Austria/02_Grundlagen/mojsisovics_v_eduard.jpg" title = "Eduard v. Mojsisovics (1839 – 1907). Geologe und Gründungsmitglied des Österreichischen Alpenvereins. © Geosphere Austria" rel = "lightbox[lb{field:uid}]" class = "jnlightbox" data-caption = "Eduard v. Mojsisovics (1839 – 1907). Geologe und Gründungsmitglied des Österreichischen Alpenvereins. © Geosphere Austria" data-lightbox = "lightbox-11787" > < img class = "image-embed-item" title = "Eduard Mojsisovics" alt = "Porträtbild" src = "../fileadmin/_processed_/0/4/csm_mojsisovics_v_eduard_d99e94e50f.jpg" width = "142" height = "106" loading = "lazy" > < / a > < figcaption class = "image-caption" >
Eduard v. Mojsisovics (1839 – 1907). Geologe und Grü ndungsmitglied des Ö sterreichischen Alpenvereins. © Geosphere Austria
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< div id = "c11783" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < p > Die Suche nach Bodenschä tzen war der Antrieb den geologischen Untergrund eingehend zu erforschen. Seit mindestens 6000 Jahren wissen die Menschen die Bodenschä tze der Alpen zu nutzen: So alt ist Ö sterreichs ä ltester Bergbau auf der Antonshö he bei Wien-Mauer, wo Feuerstein gewonnen wurde. Die Suche nach Rohstoffen hä lt bis heute an, wenn auch durch geä nderte Bedü rfnisse die wichtigsten Rohstoffe heute Wasser, Kies, Sand, Ton, Erdö l und Erdgas heiß en. Die Anfä nge einschlä giger Forschungen reichen in das 18. Jahrhundert zurü ck, als einzelne Naturforscher ausgedehnte Reisen unternahmen und ü ber ihre naturkundlichen Beobachtungen berichteten. So verö ffentlichte ein Geognost (wie sich die Pioniere der Geologie nannten) im Jahre 1783 das Buch „ Mineralogisch-botanische Lustreise von dem Berg Terglou in Krain, zu dem Berg Glokner in Tyrol, im Jahr 1779 und 81“ .< / p > < / div >
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< div id = "c11784" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-10" > < h3 > Die Pionierzeit im 19. Jahrhundert< / h3 > < p > In der Pionierzeit erforschten zunä chst geognostisch-montanistische Vereine und Museen das Land. 1835 wurde in Wien das k. k. Montanistische Museum, eine Ausbildungsstä tte fü r Bergleute, gegrü ndet. Die k. k. Geologische Reichsanstalt (nunmehr: Geosphere Austria) begann 1849 als Nachfolgeorganisation mit der systematischen geologischen Erforschung der habsburgischen Kronlä nder. Vordringlichste Aufgabe dieser Institution war und ist die flä chendeckende Erstellung geologischer Karten.< / p > < / div >
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< div id = "c16610" class = "frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard" > < p > Diese frü he Phase wurde von historisch bedeutsamen Forscherpersö nlichkeiten geprä gt: Wilhelm Ritter von Haidinger grü ndete die k.k. Geologische Reichsanstalt. Franz v. Hauer folgte ihm als zweiter Direktor. Eduard Suess war 1856 der erste Universitä tsprofessor fü r Palä ontologie und hatte ab 1861 auch die erste Professur fü r Geologie inne. Spä ter setzte er sich fü r den Bau der Ersten Wiener < a href = "service/glossar/glossar-h.html#c12977" title = "Im neuen Fenster: Glossar" target = "_blank" class = "internal-link" > < span class = "link-prefix" > » < / span > Hochquellenwasserleitung< / a > ein. Eduard v. Mojsisovics war noch als Student Grü ndungsmitglied des Ö sterreichischen Alpenvereins (1862), ehe er mit Hilfe von Ammoniten die Gesteine der Kalkalpen grundlegend gliederte. In der zweiten Hä lfte des 19. Jahrhunderts erfolgte die Grü ndung der geowissenschaftlichen Institute an den Universitä ten in Graz und Innsbruck.< / p > < / div >
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