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Detail aus dem Glasmosaik &bdquo;Reichtum Erde&ldquo; von Christian Ludwig Attersee im Foyer der Geologischen Bundesanstalt. &copy; Geosphere Austria
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</figcaption></figure></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ce-bodytext"><h2>Geologie kurz und bunt</h2><p>Die Fragen nach der Entstehung des Bodens unter unseren F&uuml;&szlig;en, also nach Art, Herkunft und Alter der Gesteine und der Geschichte der Formung der Landschaft, z&auml;hlen seit jeher zu den nat&uuml;rlichen Grundfragen des Menschen.
</p><p>Antworten werden auf mythologischer, philosophischer und theologischer Ebene zu geben versucht. Rocky Austria stellt die geologische Entwicklung unseres Landes, basierend auf naturwissenschaftlichen Daten, dar. Deren Erforschung war und ist h&auml;ufig von praktischen Interessen motiviert, wie der Suche nach nutzbaren Vorkommen von mineralischen Rohstoffen oder der Versorgung mit sauberem Trinkwasser. Aber auch ein kulturelles Bed&uuml;rfnis vieler ist damit verbunden: Herkunft und Werden der Gesteine und Landschaften sollen auf aktuellem wissenschaftlichem Kenntnisstand verst&auml;ndlich erl&auml;utert werden!</p></div></div></div></div>
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Glossar
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Begriffe von A - Z
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<div id="c12995" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><table style="BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #dddddd" class="contenttable"><tbody><tr><td><a href="../glossar.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe A" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>A</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-b.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe B" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>B</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-c.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe C" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>C</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-d.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe D" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>D</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-e.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe E" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>E</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-f.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe F" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>F</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-g.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe G" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>G</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-h.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe H" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>H</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-i.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe I" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>I</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-k.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe K" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>K</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-l.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe L" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>L</b></a></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #dddddd" class="contenttable"><tbody><tr><td><a href="glossar-m.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe M" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>M</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-n.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe N" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>N</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-o.html"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>O</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><b>P</b></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-q.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe Q" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>Q</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-r.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe R" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>R</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-s.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe S" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>S</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-t.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe T" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>T</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-u.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe U" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>U</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-v.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe V" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>V</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-z.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe Z" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>Z</b></a></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div id="c13186" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Pal&auml;ogeographie:</h3><p>Wissenschaftszweig, zur Rekonstruktion der Erde in fr&uuml;heren Zeiten. Grundlage ist die Auswertung von <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gesteinen</a> und <a href="glossar-f.html#c12595" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Fossilien</a>, die z. B. Aufschluss &uuml;ber die Verteilung von Land und Meer geben.</p></div>
<div id="c12866" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Pal&auml;oklimatologie:</h3><p>Die Pal&auml;oklimatologie versucht die klimatischen Verh&auml;ltnisse der erdgeschichtlichen Vergangenheit zu rekonstruieren. Daraus k&ouml;nnen auch Aussagen &uuml;ber das zuk&uuml;nftige Klima der Erde abgeleitet werden. </p></div>
<div id="c12456" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Pal&auml;ontologie:</h3><p>Wissenschaft von den fossilen (<a href="glossar-f.html#c12595" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Fossil</a>) Lebewesen.</p></div>
<div id="c12682" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Pal&auml;otethys:</h3><p>Ehemaliger pal&auml;ozoischer bis mesozoischer Ozean, der sich am Nordrand von Gondwana &ouml;ffnete und dessen westlicher Teil bei der Variszischen Gebirgsbildung geschlossen wurde. </p></div>
<div id="c12683" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Pang&auml;a:</h3><p>Vom Perm bis in die Trias existierender Gro&szlig;kontinent, in dem nahezu alle alten Kerne der heutigen Kontinente vereinigt waren.</p></div>
<div id="c12684" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Paragneis:</h3><p>Aus <a href="glossar-k.html#c12757" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>klastischem</a><a href="glossar-s.html#c12723" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Sediment</a> durch <a href="glossar-m.html#c12663" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Metamorphose</a> gebildeter <a href="glossar-g.html#c12609" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gneis</a>.</p></div>
<div id="c12685" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Paratethys:</h3><p>Restmeer, das sich im Zuge der <a href="../glossar.html#c12549" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Alpidischen Gebirgsbildung</a> um die Gebirgsz&uuml;ge und zwischen ihnen bildete. Es bedeckte &uuml;berwiegend <a href="glossar-k.html#c12641" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>kontinentale Kruste</a> und erstreckte sich im Pal&auml;ogen und Neogen von Frankreich bis nach Zentralasien; das Schwarze und das Kaspische Meer sind heutige Reste der Paratethys.</p></div>
<div id="c12686" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Pegmatit:</h3><p>Au&szlig;ergew&ouml;hnlich grobk&ouml;rniges <a href="glossar-p.html#c12697" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>plutonisches Gestein</a> mit meist granitischer Zusammensetzung, das in Form von G&auml;ngen (<a href="glossar-g.html#c12597" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Ganggestein</a>) oder Linsen vorkommt; oft reich an <a href="glossar-m.html#c12666" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Mineralen</a> mit seltenen Elementen und daher h&auml;ufig Lagerst&auml;tten bildend.</p></div>
<div id="c12687" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Penninikum:</h3><p><a href="glossar-t.html#c12738" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Tektonische</a> Einheit in den Alpen, benannt nach den Penninischen Alpen (= Walliser Alpen) der Schweiz.</p></div>
<div id="c12688" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Penninischer Ozean:</h3><p>&Ouml;stlicher Seitenast des Atlantiks, der sich vom Jura bis zur fr&uuml;hen Kreide &ouml;ffnete und mit der <a href="../glossar.html#c12549" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Alpidischen Gebirgsbildung</a> wieder geschlossen wurde.</p></div>
<div id="c12689" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Peri-Gondwana:</h3><p>N&ouml;rdliche Ausl&auml;ufer von <a href="glossar-g.html#c12610" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gondwana</a>.</p></div>
<div id="c12690" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Permafrost:</h3><p>Untergrund, der f&uuml;r mindestens zwei Jahre eine Temperatur von 0 &deg;C nicht &uuml;berschreitet (Dauerfrostboden).</p></div>
<div id="c12691" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Phyllit:</h3><p>Feink&ouml;rniges <a href="glossar-m.html#c12663" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>metamorphes</a><a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gestein</a> mit durchgehender Schieferung (<a href="glossar-s.html#c12717" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Schiefer</a>) und seidig gl&auml;nzenden Bruchfl&auml;chen, entstanden aus <a href="glossar-t.html#c12743" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>tonig</a>-<a href="glossar-s.html#c12474" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>sandigem</a> Ausgangsmaterial.</p></div>
<div id="c12692" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Pillowlava:</h3><p>Unter Wasser erstarrte polsterf&ouml;rmige Form von <a href="glossar-l.html#c12649" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Lava</a>, die durch extrem schnelle Abk&uuml;hlung beim Austritt entstanden ist; h&auml;ufig gebildet am <a href="glossar-m.html#c12668" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Mittelozeanischen R&uuml;cken</a>.</p></div>
<div id="c12693" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Plagioklas-Gruppe:</h3><p><a href="glossar-s.html#c12729" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Silikatische</a><a href="glossar-m.html#c12666" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Minerale</a> der <a href="glossar-f.html#c12589" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Feldspat-Gruppe</a>, die neben Aluminium Kalzium und Natrium in wechselnder Menge enthalten.</p></div>
<div id="c12694" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Plankton:</h3><p>Im Wasser lebende Organismen, deren Bewegungsrichtung haupts&auml;chlich durch Wasserstr&ouml;mungen bestimmt wird.</p></div>
<div id="c12695" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Plattentektonik:</h3><p>Prozesse, welche auf die Bewegung der Lithosph&auml;renplatten (<a href="glossar-l.html#c12652" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Lithosph&auml;re</a>) und ihre Wechselwirkung mit dem <a href="glossar-e.html#c12584" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Erdmantel</a> bezogen sind.</p></div>
<div id="c12696" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Pluton:</h3><p>Tiefen<a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>gesteins</a>k&ouml;rper unterschiedlicher Gr&ouml;&szlig;e und Form.</p></div>
<div id="c12697" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Plutonit:</h3><p><a href="glossar-m.html#c12655" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Magmatit</a> (Tiefen<a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>gestein</a>), welches in der <a href="glossar-e.html#c12583" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Erdkruste</a> durch langsame Abk&uuml;hlung eines <a href="glossar-m.html#c12438" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Magmas</a> entsteht. <a href="glossar-k.html#c12644" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Kristalle</a> sind mit freiem Auge sichtbar.</p></div>
<div id="c12698" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Porphyroid:</h3><p>Schwach <a href="glossar-m.html#c12663" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>metamorphes</a><a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gestein</a>, entstanden aus pal&auml;ozoischem <a href="glossar-s.html#c12712" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>saurem</a> oder <a href="glossar-i.html#c12420" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>intermedi&auml;rem</a><a href="glossar-v.html#c12754" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Vulkanit</a>.</p></div>
<div id="c12699" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Prallhang:</h3><p>Kurven&auml;u&szlig;eres Ufer eines Flusses, das durch die dort st&auml;rkere Str&ouml;mung mehr abgetragen wird als das kurveninnere Ufer (Gleithang), wo Material wegen der geringeren Str&ouml;mung bevorzugt abgelagert wird.</p></div>
<div id="c12700" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Prasinit:</h3><p>Schwach <a href="glossar-m.html#c12663" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>metamorphes</a> gelblichgr&uuml;nes <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gestein</a> mit vorwiegend <a href="glossar-p.html#c12693" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Plagioklas</a>, <a href="../glossar.html#c12552" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Amphibol</a> und <a href="glossar-e.html#c12582" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Epidot</a> und mitunter <a href="glossar-c.html#c12571" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Chlorit</a>, entstanden aus <a href="glossar-b.html#c12563" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>basischem</a><a href="glossar-v.html#c12754" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Vulkanit</a>.</p></div>
<div id="c13227" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Prospektion:</h3><p>Aufsuchung und Erkundung wirtschaftlich nutzbarer Vorkommen <a href="glossar-m.html#c12666" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>mineralischer</a> Rohstoffe.</p></div>
<div id="c12701" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Pyroklastische Ablagerungen:</h3><p>Aus einer hei&szlig;en &bdquo;Lawine&ldquo; aus Gas, <a href="glossar-l.html#c12649" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Lava</a>fragmenten und <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gesteins</a>bruchst&uuml;cken im Zuge vulkanischer T&auml;tigkeit (<a href="glossar-v.html#c12753" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Vulkanismus</a>) verestigt.</p></div>
<div id="c12702" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-10"><h3>Pyroxen-Gruppe:</h3><p>Gr&uuml;n bis schwarz gef&auml;rbte, gedrungene <a href="glossar-s.html#c12729" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>silikatische</a><a href="glossar-m.html#c12666" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Minerale</a>, die neben Eisen und Magnesium auch Kalzium, Aluminium und Natrium in wechselnder Menge enthalten k&ouml;nnen. Wichtige <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>gesteins</a>bildende <a href="glossar-m.html#c12666" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Mineral</a>gruppe in der <a href="glossar-e.html#c12583" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Erdkruste</a> und im oberen <a href="glossar-e.html#c12584" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Erdmantel</a>.</p></div>
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