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Detail aus dem Glasmosaik &bdquo;Reichtum Erde&ldquo; von Christian Ludwig Attersee im Foyer der Geologischen Bundesanstalt. &copy; Geosphere Austria
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</figcaption></figure></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ce-bodytext"><h2>Geologie kurz und bunt</h2><p>Die Fragen nach der Entstehung des Bodens unter unseren F&uuml;&szlig;en, also nach Art, Herkunft und Alter der Gesteine und der Geschichte der Formung der Landschaft, z&auml;hlen seit jeher zu den nat&uuml;rlichen Grundfragen des Menschen.
</p><p>Antworten werden auf mythologischer, philosophischer und theologischer Ebene zu geben versucht. Rocky Austria stellt die geologische Entwicklung unseres Landes, basierend auf naturwissenschaftlichen Daten, dar. Deren Erforschung war und ist h&auml;ufig von praktischen Interessen motiviert, wie der Suche nach nutzbaren Vorkommen von mineralischen Rohstoffen oder der Versorgung mit sauberem Trinkwasser. Aber auch ein kulturelles Bed&uuml;rfnis vieler ist damit verbunden: Herkunft und Werden der Gesteine und Landschaften sollen auf aktuellem wissenschaftlichem Kenntnisstand verst&auml;ndlich erl&auml;utert werden!</p></div></div></div></div>
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Glossar
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Begriffe von A - Z
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<div id="c12898" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><table style="BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #dddddd" class="contenttable"><tbody><tr><td><a href="../glossar.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe A" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>A</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-b.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe B" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>B</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-c.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe C" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>C</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-d.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe D" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>D</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-e.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe E" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>E</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-f.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe F" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>F</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-g.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe G" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>G</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-h.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe H" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>H</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-i.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe I" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>I</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-k.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe K" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>K</b></a></td><td><a href="glossar-l.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe L" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>L</b></a></td></tr></tbody></table><table style="BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #dddddd; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #dddddd" class="contenttable"><tbody><tr><td><b>M</b></td><td><a href="glossar-n.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe N" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>N</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-o.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe O" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>O</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-p.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe P" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>P</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-q.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe Q" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>Q</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-r.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe R" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>R</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-s.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe S" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>S</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-t.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe T" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>T</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-u.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe U" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>U</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-v.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe V" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>V</b></a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="glossar-z.html" title="Im selben Fenster: Glossar Buchstabe Z" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span><b>Z</b></a></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div id="c12438" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Magma:</h3><p>Hochtemperierte <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gesteins</a>schmelze, Ausgangsmaterial f&uuml;r magmatische <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gesteine</a> (Erstarrungsgesteine = <a href="glossar-m.html#c12655" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Magmatite</a>): Tiefengesteine = <a href="glossar-p.html#c12697" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Plutonite</a>, Ganggesteine, Ergussgesteine = <a href="glossar-v.html#c12754" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Vulkanite</a>.</p></div>
<div id="c12655" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Magmatit (Erstarrungsgestein):</h3><p>Ein <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gestein</a>, das aus einer Schmelze (<a href="glossar-m.html#c12438" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Magma</a>) erstarrt ist.</p></div>
<div id="c12656" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Magmatismus:</h3><p>Zusammenfassender Begriff f&uuml;r alle <a href="glossar-g.html#c12601" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>geologischen</a> Prozesse, an denen <a href="glossar-m.html#c12438" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Magma</a> beteiligt ist (<a href="glossar-m.html#c12655" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Magmatit</a>).</p></div>
<div id="c12657" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Magnesit:</h3><p><a href="glossar-m.html#c12666" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Mineral</a>name f&uuml;r Magnesium<a href="glossar-k.html#c12629" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>karbonat</a> (MgCO<sub>3</sub>); wichtiger Rohstoff f&uuml;r hochfeuerfeste Produkte. </p></div>
<div id="c12658" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Marin:</h3><p>Auf das Meer bezogen.</p></div>
<div id="c12659" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Marmor:</h3><p><a href="glossar-m.html#c12663" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Metamorphes</a>, <a href="glossar-k.html#c12645" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>kristallines</a><a href="glossar-k.html#c12629" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Karbonatgestein</a>; technisch wird auch nicht <a href="glossar-m.html#c12663" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>metamorphes</a>, polierbares <a href="glossar-k.html#c12629" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Karbonatgestein</a> so bezeichnet.</p></div>
<div id="c13235" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Massenbewegungen:</h3><p>Schnelle oder langsame, schwerkraftbedingte Massenverlagerungen von Fest- oder Lockergesteinen von h&ouml;heren zu tiefer gelegenen Bereichen.</p></div>
<div id="c12660" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Mergel:</h3><p><a href="glossar-k.html#c12757" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Klastisches</a><a href="glossar-s.html#c12723" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Sediment</a> aus <a href="glossar-t.html#c12743" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Ton</a> und <a href="glossar-k.html#c12623" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Kalk</a>.</p></div>
<div id="c12661" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Mergelstein:</h3><p>Feink&ouml;rniges <a href="glossar-k.html#c12757" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>klastisches</a><a href="glossar-s.html#c12724" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Sedimentgestein</a> aus <a href="glossar-t.html#c12743" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Ton</a> und <a href="glossar-k.html#c12623" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Kalk</a>.</p></div>
<div id="c12662" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Metamorphit:</h3><p>Ein durch <a href="glossar-m.html#c12663" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Metamorphose</a> ver&auml;ndertes Gestein.</p></div>
<div id="c12663" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Metamorphose:</h3><p><a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gesteins</a>umwandlung im vorwiegend festen Zustand durch Verformung sowie durch Druck- und Temperaturbedingungen, die von den urspr&uuml;nglichen Bildungsbedingungen abweichen und eine neue <a href="glossar-k.html#c12644" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Kristall</a>isation hervorrufen.</p></div>
<div id="c12664" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Migmatit:</h3><p><a href="glossar-m.html#c12663" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Metamorphes</a><a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gestein</a>, welches teilweise aufgeschmolzen wurde und typischerweise aus dunklen und hellen Anteilen besteht. Die dunkleren Teile zeigen Eigenschaften von <a href="glossar-m.html#c12663" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>metamorphen</a><a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gesteinen</a>, dagegen zeigen die hellen Teile ein <a href="glossar-m.html#c12656" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>magmatisches</a> (<a href="glossar-m.html#c12655" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Magmatit</a>) Erscheinungsbild.</p></div>
<div id="c12665" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Mikrofossilien:</h3><p>Kleine (&lt; 2 mm), nur mit optischen Hilfsmitteln (Mikroskop) bestimmbare <a href="glossar-f.html#c12595" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Fossilien</a> wie z. B. <a href="glossar-f.html#c12594" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Foraminiferen</a>, <a href="glossar-r.html#c12767" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Radiolarien</a> (<a href="glossar-r.html#c12468" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Radiolarit</a>), Pollen etc.</p></div>
<div id="c12666" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Mineral:</h3><p>Nat&uuml;rlich gebildeter homogener Festk&ouml;rper, meist <a href="glossar-k.html#c12645" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>kristallin</a> und anorganisch. <a href="glossar-s.html#c12729" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Silikate</a> sind die h&auml;ufigsten <a href="glossar-g.html#c12604" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>gesteinsbildenden</a> Minerale.</p></div>
<div id="c12667" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Mittelgebirge:</h3><p>Gebirge mit H&ouml;hendifferenzen bis zu 500 m, einer maximalen H&ouml;he von etwa 1 500 bis 1 800 m und rundlichen Formen.</p></div>
<div id="c12668" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Mittelozeanischer R&uuml;cken:</h3><p>1 000 &ndash; 4 000 km breiter R&uuml;cken, der sich vom Tiefseeboden in ca. 5 km Tiefe mit meist sehr geringer Steigung auf ca. 2,5 km Wassertiefe erhebt. An Mittelozeanischen R&uuml;cken wird <a href="glossar-o.html#c12681" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>ozeanische Kruste</a> neu gebildet, daher sind sie seismisch sehr aktiv.</p></div>
<div id="c12669" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Mohorovi&#269;i&#263;-Diskontinuit&auml;t:</h3><p>Grenze zwischen der <a href="glossar-e.html#c12583" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Erdkruste</a> und dem <a href="glossar-e.html#c12584" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Erdmantel</a>.</p></div>
<div id="c12670" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Molasse:</h3><p>Abtragungsprodukte eines neu entstandenen Gebirges, die in <a href="glossar-s.html#c12723" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Sediment</a>becken (Sediment) im Vorland oder auch innerhalb des Gebirgsk&ouml;rpers abgelagert wurden (von frz. &bdquo;mollasse&ldquo;: sehr weich).</p></div>
<div id="c12671" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Moldanubikum:</h3><p><a href="glossar-t.html#c12737" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Tektonische</a> Einheit in der <a href="glossar-b.html#c12567" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>B&ouml;hmischen Masse</a>, benannt nach den Fl&uuml;ssen Moldau und Donau.</p></div>
<div id="c12672" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Mor&auml;ne:</h3><p><a href="glossar-s.html#c12723" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Sediment</a>, welches durch Ausschmelzen von mit Gletschern transportiertem <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gesteins</a>schutt entstanden ist. Bildet ein Gemisch aus <a href="glossar-g.html#c12603" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Gesteins</a>bruchst&uuml;cken unterschiedlichster Korngr&ouml;&szlig;e und zeigt keine Sortierung oder Schichtung.</p></div>
<div id="c12673" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Moravikum:</h3><p><a href="glossar-t.html#c12738" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Tektonische</a> Einheit in der <a href="glossar-b.html#c12567" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>B&ouml;hmischen Masse</a>, benannt nach M&auml;hren (tschechisch &bdquo;Morava&ldquo;).</p></div>
<div id="c12674" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-standard"><h3>Mure:</h3><p>Schnell talw&auml;rts flie&szlig;ender Strom aus einem Gemisch von Wasser, Feinmaterial und bis zu tonnenschweren Bl&ouml;cken.</p></div>
<div id="c12675" class="frame frame-default frame-type-text frame-layout-0 frame-space-before-standard frame-space-after-custom-140"><h3>Muskovit:</h3><p>Helles, gl&auml;nzendes <a href="glossar-g.html#c12607" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>Glimmer</a><a href="glossar-m.html#c12666" title="Opens internal link in current window" class="internal-link"><span class="link-prefix">&raquo;&nbsp;</span>mineral</a>.</p></div>
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